Alfonso the Tenth (1221-1284)—King of Castille and León, Holy Roman Emperor, founder of the University of Salamanca, creator of widely-used astronomical tables—earned the sobriquet "el Sabio" as one of the central cultural figures of 13th-century Europe. Centering on the Cantigas de Santa María, this program describes the cultural currents in the Spain of his time—particularly the music of jongleurs and troubadours, which arrived with pilgrims on their way to Compostela. This sound can be heard in the Cantigas, his personal homage to the Virgin. (20 minutes)

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