India and Pakistan have been battling over ownership of Kashmir for more than half a century. In 1998, however, both countries shocked the world by joining the exclusive nuclear club. When violence erupted the following year in Kargil—the central region of Kashmir—an anxious U.S. report declared that this conflict "had the potential to escalate into a nuclear war between the two countries." This program explores how close each country came to nuclear weapons use at the time of the Kargil conflict based on firsthand accounts of citizens, armies, and government officials. Considerable attention is given to 9/11’s influence on the ordeal. (57 minutes)