On September 14, 1990, a four-year-old girl who was suffering from a debilitating immune disease became the first human to receive gene therapy. In this program, leading gene therapy researchers describe that fateful day and the consequences it has had for physicians who are using this new science to diagnose and treat many fatal genetic disorders. As Dr. Steven Rosenberg, chief of surgery at the National Cancer Institute, states, "I think it’s possible that gene therapy could transform the very face of medicine in the next century as we begin to apply these natural biological treatments for disease as opposed to the external forces that we are used to using, like scalpels and radiation beams and drugs." (47 minutes)