This program explores the essential features of life: heredity and DNA. DNA stores and transmits genetic information, and proteins do all the work from there. DNA and protein are connected by the genetic code, in which DNA specifies what kinds of proteins can be made. This process of translation is well understood, but it is far too complicated to have arisen by chance in the primitive oceans. Yet all life we know depends upon it. This program, featuring John Maynard Smith of Sussex University, examines how this apparent paradox can be resolved. (60 minutes)