This program provides a fascinating survey of mathematical modeling through the ages—from scratch marks on early bone, to the ingenious Babbage Engine—forerunner of the modern computer. Primitive models include the early Greek sundial and astrolabe; a knotted rope used by the Incas to keep track of the community larder; and a wooden tablet with tally marks showing the number of kegs received by a tavern owner. Later, more sophisticated models include Napier Rods—predecessor of today’s multiplication tables; logarithm charts; and the oriental abacus still used today. Each model is discussed within the context of its period and function. Produced by the Open University. (25 minutes)